Why Students Struggle with Algebra and How to Fix It

Many students struggle with algebra, and it’s a common stumbling block in their math education. Understanding why this happens—and how to fix it—can make a huge difference in their learning journey. Here's a breakdown of the key reasons students struggle, followed by actionable solutions:

Why Students Struggle with Algebra

1. Weak Foundational Skills

• Problem: Algebra builds on arithmetic, fractions, and decimals. If students haven’t mastered these, they’ll struggle.

• Example: Solving equations requires comfort with operations like dividing fractions or working with negative numbers.

2. Abstract Thinking Is New

• Problem: Algebra introduces symbols and variables, which represent unknowns. This shift from concrete to abstract math can confuse students.

• Example: Understanding that “x” can stand for any number is not intuitive at first.

3. Poor Conceptual Understanding

• Problem: Students often memorize procedures without understanding why they work.

• Example: They might know how to “move the number to the other side” but not why that maintains equality.

4. Fear and Anxiety

• Problem: Math anxiety can cause students to shut down mentally, especially if they’ve struggled in the past.

• Example: A student may freeze on a test, even if they understand the material.

5. Pacing and Curriculum Gaps

• Problem: Algebra is often taught quickly, with little time for consolidation. Students may fall behind and never catch up.

• Example: Missing a week during solving linear equations can leave a gap that impacts understanding quadratic functions later.

How to Fix It

1. Rebuild Foundational Skills

• Use diagnostic tools to identify and patch weak areas in arithmetic, fractions, and number sense.

• Online platforms like Khan Academy, IXL, or personalized tutoring can help.

2. Use Concrete Representations First

• Introduce concepts with manipulatives, number lines, or visual models before moving to abstract symbols.

• Example: Use balance scales to explain equations before diving into algebraic notation.

3. Teach the “Why” Behind the Steps

• Emphasize reasoning over rote memorization. Have students explain their thinking.

• Use inquiry-based learning or problem-based approaches to make connections.

4. Encourage a Growth Mindset

• Normalize mistakes as part of learning. Praise effort and strategies, not just correctness.

• Share stories of people who struggled with math but improved through practice.

5. Provide Scaffolding and Spiral Review

• Break problems into smaller steps, and revisit key concepts regularly.

• Use graphic organizers or step-by-step guides for solving equations.

6. Make It Relevant

• Show how algebra applies to real-life problems, careers, and technology.

• Use word problems that connect with students' interests.